[Practice] TCP programming

Introduction

I started doing network programming in the lecture, so I will summarize it instead of a notebook. For the time being, I'm just writing down how I wrote the program, and I have no intention of going into the basic concept at the moment. I plan to edit the posts as needed without dividing them. The programming language is python 2.7 (because it is used in research), c language (lecture designation). However, since it is a part rather than the whole, if you want to refer to it, please draw the library and variable declaration to be read by yourself.

How to proceed

I will write according to the lecture and assignment. Currently, I am writing the following contents. In addition, I will confirm the disclosure of the information of the connection destination server with the teacher.

• A program in which the client makes a TCP connection to the server

client

Connect once for the time being! !!

conditions

• host, port can be passed as command line arguments
• Supports both IPv4 and IPv6
• Use sockaddr system instead of addrinfo. (In the flow of the lecture)

Implementation (python: github)

• TCP communication method: IPv4 Use socket module. How to use is quoted from here socket.AF_INET is the IPv4 protocol specification, and SOCK_STREAM is the stream socket (TCP) specification. In the case of IPv6, it is AF_INET6, and in the case of UDP, it is SOCK_DGRAM.

ipv4_simple_client.py

sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
with closing(sock):
  sock.connect((host, port))
  sock.send(b'Hello world')
  print(sock.recv(bufsize))
return

• TCP communication method: IPv6 Basically the same as IPv4. The argument of the connect method becomes a tuple of length 4 (host, port, flowinfo, scopeid). I still don't understand what to put in flowinfo and scopeid. .. ..

The AF_INET6 address family is indicated by a tuple of length 4 (host, port, flowinfo, scopeid), where flowinfo and scopeid specify the values of sin6_flowinfo and sin6_scope_id in the C struct sockaddr_in6, respectively. For backwards compatibility, the socket module methods allow you to omit sin6_flowinfo and sin6_scope_id, but omitting scopeid can cause problems handling scoped IPv6 addresses.

ipv6_simple_client.py

sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
with closing(sock):
  sock.connect((host, port, flowninfo, scopeid))
  sock.send(b'Hello world')
  print(sock.recv(bufsize))
return

• How to pass arguments Use the argparse module. See here for how to use it. The port specifications are `-p``` and --port```, and the host specifications are `` -b``` and `` --binding(-h is It was filled with help, and the command when starting the IP server in rails was `` `rails s -b <IP Address> ...)

argparse_sample.py

p = argparse.ArgumentParser()

p.add_argument('-b', '--binding', default='127.0.0.1')
p.add_argument('-p', '--port', default=3000, type=int)
args = p.parse_args()

print(args.binding)
print(args.port)

• Supports both IPv4 and IPv6 Note) I don't know if it's the correct method. Using `` socket.inet_pton (address_family, ip_string) `, if the IP address is invalid, socket IPv4 or IPv6 was determined by using the occurrence of .error.

confirm_address_family.py

address_family = socket.AF_INET

try:
  socket.inet_pton(address_family, host)
except:
  address_family = socket.AF_INET6
  try:
    socket.inet_pton(address_family, host)
  except:
    raise Exception , "invalid host. please confirm the value of -b or --binding"
finally:
  print('address_family is %s' %address_family)

Implementation (c language: github)

• TCP communication method: IPv4

1. Create a socket with int socket (int domain, int type, int protocol);.
2. Specify Address Family and port in the sockaddr_in structure.
3. Enter the string src with int inet_pton (int af, const char * src, void * dst); Convert to a network address structure of the address family af and copy it to dst.
4. int connect(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, connect to the server with socklen_t addrlen);.

ipv4_simple_client.c

int family = AF_INET;
int sock = socket(family, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

struct sockaddr_in server;
server.sin_family = family;
server.sin_port = htons(port);

int pton = inet_pton(family, host, &server.sin_addr);
if (s != 1){
  perror("invalid host.");
  exit(1);
}

int  con = connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&server, sizeof(server));
if (con < 0){
  perror("connection failure.");
  exit(1);
}

char buf[244];
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
read(sock, buf, sizeof(buf));
printf("%s\n", buf);

• TCP communication method: IPv6 Basically the same as IPv4. Changed to use structure for IPv6

ipv6_simple_client.c

int family = AF_INET6;
int sock = socket(family, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

struct sockaddr_in6 server;
server.sin6_family = family;
server.sin6_port = htons(port);

int pton = inet_pton(family, host, &server.sin6_addr);
if (s != 1){
  perror("invalid host.");
  exit(1);
}

int  con = connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&server, sizeof(server));
if (con < 0){
  perror("connection failure.");
  exit(1);
}

char buf[244];
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
read(sock, buf, sizeof(buf));
printf("%s\n", buf);

• How to pass arguments Use getopt. See here for how to use it. The port specification is `-p```, and the host specification is `-b```.

getopt_sample.c

int result;
char *host;
int port;

while((result=getopt(argc,argv,"b:p:"))!=-1){
  switch(result){

  case 'b':
    host = optarg;
    break;
  case 'p':
    port = atoi(optarg);
    break;
  }
}

• Supports both IPv4 and IPv6 Note) I don't know if it's the correct method. Using inet_pton, IPv4 or IPv6 was judged by using the fact that the return value is 1 in case of success Reference page .. Unlike python, I had to pass a structure suitable for Address Family as an argument of inet_pton, which made things complicated. Also, the size of the third argument of connect must be the size of sockaddr_in or sockaddr_in6, not the size of the sockaddr structure. See github code for more information.