Summarize the additional elements of the Optional class in Java 9

Introduction

Since I wrote it at the time of Java 8, a page summarizing the additional elements in Java 9 It's not that difficult, so I think it's okay with the articles I already have, but I'm studying so I don't care.

The article I wrote for Java 8 can be found at here.

JavaDoc http://download.java.net/java/jdk9/docs/api/java/util/Optional.html

additional elements of ifPresent

ʻIfPresentOrElse has been added this time. The False case of ʻifPresent that existed in Java 8 can now be completed with one method.

Optional<String> optional = Optional.ofNullable("");
Optional<String> optional2 =Optional.ofNullable(null);
optional.ifPresentOrElse(t -> System.out.println(true), () -> System.out.println(false));
optional2.ifPresentOrElse(t -> System.out.println(true), () -> System.out.println(false));

result:
true
false

Add stream

From this time, it is possible to directly rewrite the Optinal class to stream.

Optional.ofNullable(null).stream().forEach(System.out::println);

result:

Note that if it is null, the type will not be known unless it is set to Object type.

• I added it because I was pointed out in the comments that it is okay if I cast it and clarify it.

OK List<Object> optional = Optional.ofNullable(null).stream().collect(Collectors.toList());
OK List<String> optional = Optional.ofNullable((String)null).stream().collect(Collectors.toList());
NG List<String> optional = Optional.ofNullable(null).stream().collect(Collectors.toList());

If you want to convert List type to Stream successfully, you need to convert it to Stream with flatmap.

List<String> list = List.of("aaa", "bbb");
List<String> list2 = null;
Optional.ofNullable(list).stream().flatMap(t -> t.stream()).forEach(System.out::println);
Optional.ofNullable(list2).stream().flatMap(t -> t.stream()).forEach(System.out::println);

result:
aaa
bbb

With map, you can only use the Stream type, so basically you need to use flatmap. For those of you who want to do your best with map, I lightly searched for an easy way to convert String from Stream , but I wasn't sure. Looking at the implementation of flatmap, I didn't think it should be implemented here. Let's use it obediently.

or Add method

This method does nothing if the value exists and executes only if it is Null. Since the return value is ʻOptional , is it an image that declares a substitute variable in the case of Null? Even if you want to describe a slightly complicated condition, it seems possible to express it concisely by using ʻor.

System.out.println(Optional.ofNullable("aaa").or(() -> Optional.of("bbb")).get());
System.out.println(Optional.ofNullable(null).or(() -> Optional.of("bbb")).get());

result:
aaa
bbb

in conclusion

The JavaDoc looks like these three features have been added. I didn't see the release notes because it was troublesome, so I will add it if there is anything else.