You will be an engineer in 100 days ――Day 85 ――Programming ――About machine learning 10

Click here until yesterday

This time, the continuation of the story about machine learning An implementation of deep learning.

About deep learning

I hope you can see the last time for a little explanation.

Roughly, deep learning is of neural network It has two or more intermediate layers.

There is also a neural network library in scikit-learn.

The code for classifying chords can be implemented as follows:

from sklearn.datasets import load_iris
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.neural_network import MLPClassifier

iris = load_iris()
X = iris.data
Y = iris.target
x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, Y, test_size=0.3, random_state=0)
clf = MLPClassifier(solver="sgd",random_state=0,max_iter=10000)
clf.fit(x_train, y_train)

print (clf.score(x_test, y_test))

0.9555555555555556

In deep learning, this neural network The point is how to assemble.

Therefore, there are some dedicated libraries.

About the deep learning library

The current mainstream deep learning library TensorFlow: Library developed by Google Keras: Made to work on top of other deep learning libraries such as TensorFlow and Theano Pytorch: Many researchers implement and publish the contents of their latest recent papers on PyTorch.

Can be mentioned. I think that the number of examples of Pytorch has increased relatively recently, but if you suppress these three usages I think it's good.

Implement deep learning with Keras

Let's implement deep learning using Keras. Since installation etc. is required to use Keras Let's install it with TensorFlow.

Once installed, run it. First, prepare the data.

Separate the data for training and testing.

import numpy as np
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split as split
from sklearn import datasets

iris = datasets.load_iris()
x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = split(iris.data,iris.target,train_size=0.8,test_size=0.2)

With this, we have prepared the data for the end.

Next, we will build a neural network. First, load the required library.

After loading the model, we will add the structure there. This time, I will build a model with 32 intermediate layers.

First, specify 32 neurons in the middle layer and 4 neurons in the input layer. For each intermediate layer, specify the ReLU function as the activation function.

Specify 3 output layers and apply the softmax function to the activation function

from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import Dense,Activation
 
#Creating a model for use in a neutral network
model = Sequential()
model.add(Dense(32, activation = 'relu' , input_dim=4))
model.add(Dense( 3, activation = 'softmax'))
model.compile(loss='sparse_categorical_crossentropy',optimizer='sgd',metrics=['accuracy'])
 
#Learning execution
model.fit(x_train,y_train,epochs=100)

This is the end of learning. Performance is ...

#Evaluation execution
score = model.evaluate(x_test,y_test,batch_size = 1)
print(score[1])

30/30 [==============================] - 0s 886us/step 0.9666666388511658

Isn't it pretty good?

Let's make a prediction. Converts the index value of the largest value to the predicted value.

#Forecast
predicts = model.predict(x_test)
print(predicts)

#Take the index value of the largest value
predict = [p.argmax()  for p in predicts]

[[1.1208696e-01 6.7907917e-01 2.0883384e-01] [2.8818967e-03 2.8327599e-01 7.1384215e-01] [9.5001817e-01 4.9240895e-02 7.4097671e-04] [7.4494570e-03 5.3676081e-01 4.5578974e-01] [4.5553190e-03 4.4827569e-01 5.4716897e-01] [9.0425771e-01 9.3258828e-02 2.4834664e-03] [9.8394436e-01 1.5963007e-02 9.2610091e-05] [9.3106699e-01 6.7388512e-02 1.5446048e-03] [2.9033832e-03 3.8279051e-01 6.1430609e-01] [7.6781757e-02 7.3785144e-01 1.8536681e-01] [9.0473723e-01 9.2504598e-02 2.7581297e-03] [2.3145874e-03 2.9854658e-01 6.9913888e-01] [1.1571125e-03 2.1894032e-01 7.7990258e-01] [3.8370032e-02 5.8638370e-01 3.7524620e-01] [1.8353970e-03 3.2460487e-01 6.7355973e-01] [4.0023820e-03 3.6881861e-01 6.2717897e-01] [9.3579787e-01 6.3313372e-02 8.8873273e-04] [2.8993792e-03 3.9125395e-01 6.0584664e-01] [1.7156457e-03 3.7600714e-01 6.2227720e-01] [5.9143644e-02 7.4147564e-01 1.9938073e-01] [4.4851364e-03 4.1915748e-01 5.7635736e-01] [2.1494372e-01 6.4855641e-01 1.3649981e-01] [7.4421586e-03 4.6687931e-01 5.2567846e-01] [4.7624888e-04 3.0563667e-01 6.9388705e-01] [9.5614207e-01 4.3193795e-02 6.6417205e-04] [5.6969654e-02 7.1488911e-01 2.2814126e-01] [2.0755678e-03 3.4245396e-01 6.5547043e-01] [9.3328977e-01 6.5471925e-02 1.2382563e-03] [1.8808943e-03 2.6230952e-01 7.3580956e-01] [9.6379587e-04 2.6067016e-01 7.3836607e-01]]

Since the probability of the numerical value of each category comes out, the largest one is the correct answer.

Let's compare it with the correct answer.

for y_pred,y_true in zip(predict,y_test):
    print(y_pred,y_true)

1 1 2 2 0 0 1 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 1 0 0 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 1 1 2 2 0 0 2 2 2 2

Except for one, it's very accurate.

Summary

Today we have sent you an implementation in deep learning. Deep learning is too deep for me to learn at all.

There is no doubt that it will continue to be the center of IT trends. You shouldn't lose even if you study.

Let's keep it down.

15 days until you become an engineer

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