[Introduction à Python] <liste> [modifier le 22/02/2020]

table des matières

1. [Réglage des données d'entrée](# step1-Réglage des données d'entrée)
2. [Data Manipulation / Algorithm](# step2-Data Manipulation - Algorithm)
3. [Paramètres des données de sortie](# step3-Paramètres des données de sortie)

Étape 1 Réglage des données d'entrée

1. Fonctionnement de base

1-1. Méthode de définition simple

Liste unidimensionnelle

sample_list_1d = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> IN: print("sample_list_1d: ", sample_list_1d)
>>> OUT: sample_list_1d:  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

Liste 2D

sample_list_2d = [[1,2,3,4,5],[6,7,8,9,10]]
>>> IN: print("sample_list_2d: ", sample_list_2d)
>>> OUT: sample_list_2d:  [[1,2,3,4,5],[6,7,8,9,10]]

1-2. Accès aux éléments [nombre d'éléments: 1]

Liste unidimensionnelle

sample_list_1d = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> IN[0]: print("sample_list_1d[0] = ",sample_list_1d[0])
>>> IN[1]: print("sample_list_1d[1] = ",sample_list_1d[1])
>>> IN[2]: print("sample_list_1d[2] = ",sample_list_1d[2])
>>> IN[3]: print("sample_list_1d[3] = ",sample_list_1d[3])
>>> IN[4]: print("sample_list_1d[4] = ",sample_list_1d[4])
>>> IN[5]: print("sample_list_1d[-1] = ",sample_list_1d[-1])
>>> OUT[0]: sample_list_1d[0] =  1
>>> OUT[1]: sample_list_1d[1] =  2
>>> OUT[2]: sample_list_1d[2] =  3
>>> OUT[3]: sample_list_1d[3] =  4
>>> OUT[4]: sample_list_1d[4] =  5
>>> OUT[5]: sample_list_1d[-1] =  5

Liste 2D

sample_list_2d = [[1,2,3,4,5],[6,7,8,9,10]]
>>> IN[0]: print("sample_list_2d[0][0] = ",sample_list_2d[0][0])
>>> IN[1]: print("sample_list_2d[0][1] = ",sample_list_2d[0][1])
>>> IN[2]: print("sample_list_2d[0][2] = ",sample_list_2d[0][2])
>>> IN[3]: print("sample_list_2d[0][3] = ",sample_list_2d[0][3])
>>> IN[4]: print("sample_list_2d[0][4] = ",sample_list_2d[0][4])
>>> IN[5]: print("sample_list_2d[1][0] = ",sample_list_2d[1][0])
>>> IN[6]: print("sample_list_2d[1][1] = ",sample_list_2d[1][1])
>>> IN[7]: print("sample_list_2d[1][2] = ",sample_list_2d[1][2])
>>> IN[8]: print("sample_list_2d[1][3] = ",sample_list_2d[1][3])
>>> IN[9]: print("sample_list_2d[1][4] = ",sample_list_2d[1][4])
>>> OUT[0]: sample_list_1d[0] =  1
>>> OUT[1]: sample_list_1d[1] =  2
>>> OUT[2]: sample_list_1d[2] =  3
>>> OUT[3]: sample_list_1d[3] =  4
>>> OUT[4]: sample_list_1d[4] =  5
>>> OUT[5]: sample_list_1d[4] =  6
>>> OUT[6]: sample_list_1d[4] =  7
>>> OUT[7]: sample_list_1d[4] =  8
>>> OUT[8]: sample_list_1d[4] =  9
>>> OUT[9]: sample_list_1d[4] =  10

1-3. Accès aux éléments [Nombre d'éléments: multiples]

Liste unidimensionnelle

sample_list_1d = [1,2,3,4,5]
start_id = 1
end_id = 3
>>> print("Numéros d'article "1" à "3":",sample_list_1d[start_id:end_id+1])
>>> print("Numéro d'article "Premier" à "3":",sample_list_1d[:end_id+1])
>>> print("Numéro d'article "1" à "dernier":",sample_list_1d[start_id:])
>>> print("Tous les éléments:",sample_list_1d[:])
>>>Numéros d'article "1" à "3":[2, 3, 4]
>>>Numéro d'article "Premier" à "3":[1, 2, 3, 4]
>>>Numéro d'article "1" à "dernier":[2, 3, 4, 5]
>>>Tous les éléments:[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

1-4. Longueur de la liste

Liste unidimensionnelle

sample_list_1d = [1,2,3,4,5]
print("Longueur de la liste:",len(sample_list_1d))
Longueur de la liste: 5

Liste 2D

sample_list_2d = [[1,2,3,4,5],[6,7,8,9,10]]
print("Longueur de la liste des parents:",len(sample_list_2d))         ###Liste des parents
print("Longueur de la première liste enfant:",len(sample_list_2d[0]))  ###Première liste d'enfants
Longueur de la liste des parents: 2
Longueur de la première liste enfant: 5
Longueur de la liste: 5

1-5. Type de stockage (type de données)

Liste unidimensionnelle

sample_list = [1,2,3,4,5]
print("Type de stockage:",type(sample_list))
Type de stockage:<class 'list'>

1-6. Type de données d'élément

Liste unidimensionnelle

sample_list = [1,2,3,4,5]
print("Type de données d'élément:",type(sample_list[0]))
Type de données d'élément:<class 'int'>

1-7. Ajout d'élément

Liste unidimensionnelle

sample_list = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> IN: print("sample list: ",sample_list)
>>> OUT: sample list:  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

sample_list.append(6)
>>> IN: print("sample list: ",sample_list)
>>> OUT: sample list:  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

1-8. Ajout d'éléments de position spécifiés [Nombre d'éléments: 1]

Liste unidimensionnelle

sample_list = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> IN: print("sample list: ",sample_list)
>>> OUT: sample list:  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

specified_id = 2
specified_value = 8
sample_list.insert(specified_id,specified_value)
>>> IN: print("sample list: ",sample_list)
>>> OUT: sample list:  [1, 2, 8, 3, 4, 5]

1-9. Ajouter l'élément de position spécifié [Nombre d'éléments: plusieurs]

Liste unidimensionnelle

sample_list = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> IN: print("sample list: ",sample_list)
>>> OUT: sample list:  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

specified_id = 2
specified_value_list = [8,8,8]
sample_list[specified_id:specified_id] = specified_value_list
>>> IN: print("sample list: ",sample_list)
>>> OUT: sample list:  [1, 2, 8, 8, 8, 3, 4, 5]

1-10. Supprimer l'élément [valeur]

Liste unidimensionnelle

sample_list = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> IN: print("sample list: ",sample_list)
>>> OUT: sample list:  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

sample_list.remove(5)
>>> IN: print("sample list: ",sample_list)
>>> OUT: sample list:  [1, 2, 3, 4]

Liste unidimensionnelle[S'il y a plusieurs]

sample_list = [1,2,3,1,2,3]
>>> IN: print("sample list: ",sample_list)
>>> OUT: sample list:  [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]

sample_list.remove(1)
>>> IN: print("sample list: ",sample_list)
>>> OUT: sample list:  [2, 3, 1, 2, 3]

1-11. Supprimer l'élément [Numéro d'article] [Méthode 1]

Liste unidimensionnelle

sample_list = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> IN: print("sample list: ",sample_list)
>>> OUT: sample list:  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

del sample_list[2]
>>> IN: print("sample list: ",sample_list)
>>> OUT: sample list:  [1, 2, 4, 5]

Liste unidimensionnelle[Plusieurs]

sample_list = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> IN: print("sample list: ",sample_list)
>>> OUT: sample list:  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

del sample_list[1:4]
>>> IN: print("sample list: ",sample_list)
>>> OUT: sample list:  [1, 5]

1 à 12. Supprimer l'élément [Numéro d'article] [Méthode 2]

Liste unidimensionnelle

sample_list = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> IN: print("sample list: ",sample_list)
>>> OUT: sample list:  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

specified_id = 2
sample_list[specified_id:specified_id+1] = []
>>> IN: print("sample list: ",sample_list)
>>> OUT: sample list:  [1, 2, 4, 5]

Liste unidimensionnelle[Plusieurs]

sample_list = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> IN: print("sample list: ",sample_list)
>>> OUT: sample list:  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

specified_start_id = 1
specified_end_id = 3
sample_list[specified_start_id:specified_end_id+1] = []
>>> IN: print("sample list: ",sample_list)
>>> OUT: sample list:  [1, 5]

1-13. Supprimer tous les éléments

Liste unidimensionnelle

sample_list = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> IN: print("sample list: ",sample_list)
>>> OUT: sample list:  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

sample_list.clear()
>>> IN: print("sample list: ",sample_list)
>>> OUT: sample list:  []

1-14. Jointure de liste (méthode 1)

Liste unidimensionnelle

sample_list = ["H","e","l","l","o"]
extend_list = ["W","o","r","l","d"]
sample_list.extend(extend_list)
>>> IN: print("sample list: ",sample_list)
>>> OUT: sample list:  ['H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', 'W', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']

1-15. Jointure de liste (méthode 2)

Liste unidimensionnelle

sample_list = ["H","e","l","l","o"]
extend_list = ["W","o","r","l","d"]
sample_list = sample_list + extend_list
>>> IN: print("sample list: ",sample_list)
>>> OUT: sample list:  ['H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', 'W', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']

2. Définition des données

2-1. Liste zéro

Liste unidimensionnelle

array_length = 10
zero_list = [0] * array_length
>>> IN: print("zero list: ",zero_list)
>>> OUT: zero list:  [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]

2-2. Liste des valeurs spécifiées

Liste unidimensionnelle

specified_value = 3
array_length = 10
specified_value_list = [specified_value] * array_length
>>> IN: print("specified value list: ",specified_value_list)
>>> OUT: specified value list:  [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3]

2-3. Liste vide

Liste unidimensionnelle[Nombre d'éléments: 1]

empty_list = []
print("empty list: ",empty_list)
empty list:  []

Liste unidimensionnelle[Nombre d'éléments: multiple]

array_length = 10
empty_list = [[]] * array_length
print("empty list: ",empty_list)
empty list:  [[], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []]

2-4. Liste des séquences arithmétiques

Liste unidimensionnelle

start_num = 1
end_num = 10
difference = 1
arithmetic_sequence_list = list(range(start_num, end_num + 1, difference))
>>> IN: print("arithmetic sequence list: ",arithmetic_sequence_list)
>>> OUT: arithmetic sequence list:  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

3. Conversion de base

3-1. Modifier le type de données d'élément

Liste unidimensionnelle

sample_list = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> IN: print("sample list: ",sample_list)
### sample list:  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

sample_list = list(map(str,sample_list))
>>> IN: print("sample list: ",sample_list)
### sample list:  ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5']

3-2. 「string list」to「string」

Liste unidimensionnelle

sample_list= ["H","e","l","l","o"]
>>> IN: print("sample list: ",sample_list)
### OUT: sample list:  ['H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']

joint_value = ""
sample_string = joint_value.join(sample_list)
>>> IN: print("sample string: ",sample_string)
### OUT: sample string:  Hello

3-3. 「string」to「string list」

Liste unidimensionnelle

sample_string = "HelloWorld"
>>> IN: print("sample string: ",sample_string)
### sample string:  HelloWorld

sample_list= list(sample_string)
>>> IN: print("sample string: ",sample_string)
### OUT: sample list:  ['H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', 'W', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']

3-4. 「sentence」to「word list」

Liste unidimensionnelle

sample_sentence = "Hello World"
>>> IN: print("sample sentence: ",sample_sentence)
### OUT: sample sentence:  Hello World

split_value = " "
sample_list= sample_sentence.split(split_value)
>>> IN: print("sample list: ",sample_list)
### OUT: sample list:  ['Hello', 'World']

4. Conversion du format de stockage

4-1. numpy ndarray

4-1-1. 「list」to「numpy ndarray」

Liste unidimensionnelle

import numpy as np
sample_list = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> IN: print("sample list: ",sample_list)
>>> IN: print("type: ",type(sample_list))sample 
### OUT: list:  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
### OUT: type:  <class 'list'>

sample_ndarray = np.array(sample_list)
>>> IN: print("sample ndarray: ",sample_ndarray)
>>> IN: print("type: ",type(sample_ndarray))
### OUT: sample ndarray:  [1 2 3 4 5]
### OUT: type:  <class 'numpy.ndarray'>

4-1-2. 「numpy ndarray」to「list」

Liste unidimensionnelle

import numpy as np
sample_ndarray = np.array([1,2,3,4,5])
>>> IN: print("sample ndarray: ",sample_ndarray)
>>> IN: print("type: ",type(sample_ndarray))
### OUT: sample ndarray:  [1 2 3 4 5]
### OUT: type:  <class 'numpy.ndarray'>

sample_list = sample_ndarray.tolist()
>>> IN: print("sample list: ",sample_list)
>>> IN: print("type: ",type(sample_list))
### OUT: sample list:  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
### OUT: type:  <class 'list'>

4-2. numpy matrix

4-2-1. 「list」to「numpy matrix」

Liste unidimensionnelle

import numpy as np
sample_list = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> IN: print("sample list: ",sample_list)
>>> IN: print("type: ",type(sample_list))
### OUT: sample list:  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
### OUT: type:  <class 'list'>

sample_matrix = np.matrix(sample_list)
>>> IN: print("sample matrix: ",sample_matrix)
>>> IN: print("type: ",type(sample_matrix))
### OUT: sample matrix:  [[1 2 3 4 5]]
### OUT: type:  <class 'numpy.matrix'>

4-2-2. 「numpy matrix」to「list」

Liste unidimensionnelle

import numpy as np
sample_matrix = np.matrix([1,2,3,4,5])
>>> IN: print("sample matrix: ",sample_matrix)
>>> IN: print("type: ",type(sample_matrix))
### OUT: sample matrix:  [[1 2 3 4 5]]
### OUT: type:  <class 'numpy.matrix'>

sample_list = sample_matrix.tolist()
>>> IN: print("sample list: ",sample_list)
>>> IN: print("type: ",type(sample_list))
### OUT: sample list:  [[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]]
### OUT: type:  <class 'list'>

5. Entrée de fichier

5-1. Fichier texte (.txt)

5-2. Fichier tabulaire (.csv)

5-3. Fichier image (.png)

5-4. Fichier objet (.obj)

Étape 2 Manipulation / algorithme des données

1. Rechercher

1-1. Valeur maximale

Liste unidimensionnelle

sample_list = [1,2,3,4,5]
print("sample list: ",sample_list)
print("Maximum Value: ",max(sample_list))
sample list:  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Maximum Value:  5

1-2. Nombre maximum d'éléments

Liste unidimensionnelle

sample_list = [1,2,3,4,5]
print("sample list: ",sample_list)
sample list:  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

max_value_id = [i for i, v in enumerate(sample_list) if v == max(sample_list)]
print("Maximum Value ID: ",max_value_id)
Maximum Value ID:  [4]

Liste unidimensionnelle[S'il y a plusieurs]

sample_list = [1,2,3,1,2,3]
print("sample list: ",sample_list)
sample list:  [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]

max_value_id = [i for i, v in enumerate(sample_list) if v == max(sample_list)]
print("Maximum Value ID: ",max_value_id)
Maximum Value ID:  [2, 5]

1-3. Valeur minimale

Liste unidimensionnelle

sample_list = [1,2,3,4,5]
print("sample list: ",sample_list)
print("Minimum Value: ",min(sample_list))
sample list:  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Minimum Value:  1

1-4. Numéro d'élément minimal

Liste unidimensionnelle

sample_list = [1,2,3,4,5]
print("sample list: ",sample_list)
sample list:  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

min_value_id = [i for i, v in enumerate(sample_list) if v == min(sample_list)]
print("Minimum Value ID: ",min_value_id)
Minimum Value ID:  [0]

Liste unidimensionnelle[S'il y a plusieurs]

sample_list = [1,2,3,1,2,3]
print("sample list: ",sample_list)
sample list:  [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]

min_value_id = [i for i, v in enumerate(sample_list) if v == min(sample_list)]
print("Minimum Value ID: ",min_value_id)
Minimum Value ID:  [0, 3]

1 à 5. Première valeur [par ordre décroissant]

Liste unidimensionnelle

import heapq

sample_list = [1,2,3,4,5]
print("sample list: ",sample_list)
sample list:  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

print("Top Large Value: ",heapq.nlargest(3, sample_list))
Top Large Value:  [5, 4, 3]

1-6. Première valeur [la plus petite en premier]

Liste unidimensionnelle

import heapq

sample_list = [1,2,3,4,5]
print("sample list: ",sample_list)
sample list:  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

print("Top Small Value: ",heapq.nsmallest(3, sample_list))
Top Small Value:  [1, 2, 3]

1-7. Présence ou absence de valeur spécifique

Liste unidimensionnelle

sample_list = [1,2,3,4,5]
print("sample list: ",sample_list)
sample list:  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

print("Have value '1': ",1 in sample_list)
print("Have value '6': ",6 in sample_list)
Have value '1':  True
Have value '6':  False

1-8. Numéro d'élément de valeur spécifique

Liste unidimensionnelle

sample_list = [1,2,3,4,5]
print("sample list: ",sample_list)
sample list:  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

print("Search ID for value '1': ",sample_list.index(1))
Search ID for value '1':  0

1-9. Nombre de valeurs spécifiques

Liste unidimensionnelle

sample_list = [1,2,3,4,5]
print("sample list: ",sample_list)
sample list:  [1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5]

print("Count value '3': ",sample_list.count(3))
Count value '3':  5

2. Réorganiser / Trier

2-1. Ordre inverse

Liste unidimensionnelle

sample_list = [1,2,3,4,5]
print("sample list: ",sample_list)
sample_list.reverse()
print("reversed list: ",sample_list)

2-2. Trier [Croissant]

Liste unidimensionnelle

sample_list = [5,4,3,2,1]
print("sample list: ",sample_list)
sorted_list = sorted(sample_list)
print("sorted list: ",sorted_list)

2-3. Trier [Décroissant]

Liste unidimensionnelle

sample_list = [1,2,3,4,5]
print("sample list: ",sample_list)
sorted_list = sorted(sample_list,reverse=True)
print("sorted list: ",sorted_list)

2-4. Trier [Croissant] [Absolu]

Liste unidimensionnelle

sample_list = [5,-4,3,-2,1]
print("sample list: ",sample_list)
sorted_list = sorted(sample_list,key=abs)
print("sorted list [abs]: ",sorted_list)

2-5. Trier [Croissant] [Longueur de la chaîne]

Liste unidimensionnelle

sample_list = ["zero","one","two","three","four","five"]
print("sample list: ",sample_list)
sorted_list = sorted(sample_list,key=len)
print("sorted list [string length]: ",sorted_list)

3. Calcul de la liste

3-1. Ajout

Liste unidimensionnelle

A = [4,5,6]
B = [1,2,3]
C = [x + y for (x, y) in zip(A, B)]   
print("A: ",A)
print("B: ",B) 
print("add operation: ",C)

3-2. Soustraction

Liste unidimensionnelle

A = [4,5,6]
B = [1,2,3]
C = [x - y for (x, y) in zip(A, B)]    
print("A: ",A)
print("B: ",B) 
print("substract operation: ",C)

3-3. Multiplication

Liste unidimensionnelle

A = [4,5,6]
B = [1,2,3]
C = [x - y for (x, y) in zip(A, B)]    
print("A: ",A)
print("B: ",B) 
print("multiply operation: ",C)

3-4. Division

Liste unidimensionnelle

A = [4,5,6]
B = [1,2,3]
C = [x / y for (x, y) in zip(A, B)]    
print("A: ",A)
print("B: ",B) 
print("divide operation: ",C)

3-5. Restant

Liste unidimensionnelle

A = [10,10,10]
B = [1,2,3]
C = [x % y for (x, y) in zip(A, B)]    
print("A: ",A)
print("B: ",B) 
print("mod operation: ",C)

3-6. Total

Liste unidimensionnelle

sample_list = [1,2,3,4,5]
print("sample list: ",sample_list)
sum_value = sum(sample_list)
print("Sum Value: ",sum_value)

Étape 3 Réglage des données de sortie

1. Sortie de fichier

1-1. Fichier texte (.txt)

1-2. Fichier tabulaire (.csv)

1-3. Fichier image (.png)

1-4. Fichier objet (.obj)