About Rails routing

Overview

We've summarized routing in Rails applications.

This goal

Check the "effect of routing" and "practical usage".

<1> Effect of routing

** Conclusion ** -It will be possible to pass processing to the controller and action based on the HTTP request. -Helper methods allow you to create paths and URIs in controllers and views.

How to specify the controller and action

In routing, HTTP request from client is distributed by the following code.

Routing image


  [HTTP method] '[URI path]', to: '[Controller name]#[Action name]'

Example) get 'samples', to: 'samples#index'

In other words, in this example ...

When the client accesses with ** "GET method" ** and ** "samples path" ** Process with ** "index action" ** of ** "samples controller" ** of Rails application

It means that · · ·

Path and URL helpers will be available in controllers and views

By describing the routing, you can use ** "\ _path method" and "\ _url method" ** in Rails application. This method allows you to write redirect_to methods in controllers, link_to methods in views, etc. using path.

\ _path method ・ \ _url method

It is a helper method that easily generates paths and URLs by using it like ** "[Prefix] \ _ path" ** or ** "[Prefix] \ _ url" **.

<2> Practical usage

Routing setting location

It will be the config / routes.rb file.

config/routes.rb


  Rails.application.routes.draw do
    get 'samples', to: 'samples#index'
  end

How to check the routing

You can check it by running the command rails routes in the application directory using the terminal.

Terminal


   (Application directory)$ rails routes

      Prefix    Verb    URI Pattern             Controller#Action
     samples    GET     /samples(.:format)      samples#index

** "Prefix", "Verb", "URI Pattern", "Controller # Action" ** are displayed. Determine the HTTP request content by combining ** "Verb and URI Pattern" ** ** "Controller # Action" ** indicates where to pass the process.

What is Prefix

It is like a variable used when using the "\ _path method" and "\ _url method".

Example) samples_path => "/ samples"     samples_url   =>  " http://sample.com/samples "

What is Verb (HTTP verb)?

It is an HTTP method that determines the processing.

What is URI Pattern?

This is the path of the URI to be processed.

What is Controller # Action?

It will be the controller name and action name to pass the process.

7 basic actions

Rails has ** "7 types of actions" ** that are used as standard.

Action name Intended use
index List
new Show new data form
create Register new data
show Display specific data
edit Display the edit form of specific data
update Update specific data
destroy Delete specific data

How to write basic routing

It can be roughly divided into two. ** "Individual settings" ** and ** "Batch settings" **.

individual setting

This is the code that sets the routing ** line by line **.

  Rails.application.routes.draw do
    get  'samples',     to: 'samples#index'
    post 'samples',     to: 'samples#create'
    put  'samples/:id', to: 'samples#update'
  end

Bulk configuration (resource-based routing)

You can write multiple routing settings in short code.

resources (plural resources)

It is a code that can set the routing of ** 7 actions ** in one line.

  Rails.application.routes.draw do
    resources :samples
  end

Same as the individual configuration routing below

  Rails.application.routes.draw do
    get    'samples',          to: 'samples#index'
    post   'samples',          to: 'samples#create'
    get    'samples/new',      to: 'samples#new',   as: 'new_sample'
    get    'samples/:id/edit', to: 'samples#edit',  as: 'edit_sample'
    get    'samples/:id',      to: 'samples#show',  as: 'sample'
    patch  'samples/:id',      to: 'samples#update'
    put    'samples/:id',      to: 'samples#update'
    delete 'samples/:id',      to: 'samples#destroy'
  end
* As option

By setting ** "as:'XXX'" **, you can specify "XXX" ** in ** Prefix.

resource (singular resource)

It is a code that can set the routing of 6 actions ** other than the ** index action in one line. It is used when ** each user has only one piece of information (resource) in the application design. Since it has only one piece of information, there is no index action (listing multiple resources) ** ": id" ** is not added to the URI path.

Also note that ** controllers are plural **.

  Rails.application.routes.draw do
    resource :sample  #It is singular
  end

Same as the individual configuration routing below

  Rails.application.routes.draw do
    post   'sample',          to: 'samples#create'
    get    'sample/new',      to: 'samples#new',   as: 'new_sample'
    get    'sample/edit',     to: 'samples#edit',  as: 'edit_sample'
    get    'sample',          to: 'samples#show',  as: 'sample'
    patch  'sample',          to: 'samples#update'
    put    'sample',          to: 'samples#update'
    delete 'sample',          to: 'samples#destroy'
  end

How to write advanced routing

Resource-based routing limits

When you want to use some of the resources / resource routing actions ** Specify "only option" ** and ** "except option" **.

  Rails.application.routes.draw do
    #Use only index / show actions
    resources :users, only: [:index, :show]

    #Use other than index / show / edit / update / destroy actions
    resources :books, except: [:index, :show, :edit, :update , :destroy]
  end
   $ rails routes

    Prefix Verb   URI Pattern               Controller#Action
     users GET    /users(.:format)          users#index 
      user GET    /users/:id(.:format)      users#show
     books POST   /books(.:format)          books#create
  new_book GET    /books/new(.:format)      books#new

Add actions for resource-based routing

In addition to the seven basic Rails actions, you can add actions with ** "member routing" ** and ** "collection routing" **.

What is member routing?

This is a routing method that includes ** ": id" ** in the URI path.

member routing


  Rails.application.routes.draw do
    resources :photos do
      member do
        get 'preview'
      end
    end
  end
  $ rails routes

         Prefix Verb   URI Pattern                   Controller#Action
  preview_photo GET    /photos/:id/preview(.:format) photos#preview
         photos GET    /photos(.:format)             photos#index

What is collection routing?

A routing method that does not include the URI path ** ": id" **. The code is written in the same way as member routing.

What changes depending on the presence or absence of ": id" in the URI path

"Id" is the management number of the data registered in the application. The fact that there is an "id" in the path means that "when performing that action, the required data is specified by the control number".

For example, if you explain with 7 basic actions of Rails The ** index / new / create actions ** do not have an "id" in the path. The reason is that ** no specific data ** is needed to display the list, and ** the data to be registered ** does not have an "id".

On the contrary, ** show / edit / update / destroy actions ** ** Because you can view, change, or delete specific registered data ** Without the "id" ** I don't know what data **, so the path contains the "id".

Routing of nested resources

What is nesting

It means "nested". Indicates that the child element is nested inside the parent element in the routing.

Example)Routing of nested resources


  Rails.application.routes.draw do
    resources :books do
      resources :reviews
    end
  end

In this example, the parent element called books has a nested structure with the child element called reviews.

Effect on routing

Nested routing allows you to associate a parent element with the routing of a child element. In the case of the above example, reviews (child elements) are always tied to a specific book (parent element). If you check the routing of reviews (child element), it will look like this.

          Prefix Verb   URI Pattern                                Controller#Action
    book_reviews GET    /books/:book_id/reviews(.:format)          reviews#index
                 POST   /books/:book_id/reviews(.:format)          reviews#create
 new_book_review GET    /books/:book_id/reviews/new(.:format)      reviews#new
edit_book_review GET    /books/:book_id/reviews/:id/edit(.:format) reviews#edit
     book_review GET    /books/:book_id/reviews/:id(.:format)      reviews#show
                 PATCH  /books/:book_id/reviews/:id(.:format)      reviews#update
                 PUT    /books/:book_id/reviews/:id(.:format)      reviews#update
                 DELETE /books/:book_id/reviews/:id(.:format)      reviews#destroy

The ** "Prefix" ** and ** "URI Pattern" ** items have a nesting effect.

Effect on Prefix

The parent element comes before the child element. It is a Prefix that contains parent elements (books) such as book_reviews and new_book_review.

Effect on URI Pattern

The parent element and the id of the parent element are placed before the child element. It will be a URI Pattern containing the parent element (book) / books /: book_id / reviews. The / books /: book_id part is the path that represents a specific parent element "Which parent element the child element is connected to" will be explicitly shown.

That's it.

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