I installed Ubuntu on a USB stick on a dual boot PC
Introduction
This is Qiita's first post. I bought it at the university co-op ~~ It was shit late ~~ I am doing dual boot of Ubuntu + Windows using the co-op PC. I basically use it at home, but it's heavy and annoying to bring it to university. What if your PC is crushed by the rush hour? So, I installed it on a USB memory so that I could carry the Ubuntu environment with me.
Device used
- FUJITSU LIFEBOOK SH90/T
/dev/sda--Dual boot of Ubuntu 18.04 and Windows 10 (UEFI boot) --The HDD is running too slowly and I was frustrated, so I am replacing the SSD.
--Buffalo USB memory: 2GB (small capacity, write iso) / dev / sdb
--ELSONIC USB memory: 16GB (large capacity, Ubuntu installation destination) / dev / sdc
writing iso
I did it a year ago so I forgot how I did it. Was it Unetbootin?
USB memory partition
Boot from the smaller USB stick ( / dev / sdb).
Select Try Ubuntu without Installing.
Connect the larger USB stick ( `/ dev / sdc```) and mess with the partition with GParted. [Reference site](https://cloud-work.net/usb%E3%83%96%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88/usb_install/#USB-2 ), I found that if I secured an area at the beginning of the USB memory in fat32 format, it could be accessed from Windows, so I edited the partition in the same way ( / dev / sdc1```). After that, create an ext4 partition (`` / dev / sdc2```) where Ubuntu will be installed.
I didn't create a swap area.
2020.5.3 Addendum: EFI partition (mount point is / boot / efi) is required to boot UEFI. It seems better to proceed without creating a partition for data sharing with Windows and make `` `/ dev / sdc1``` an EFI partition.
Installation
Double-click "Install Ubuntu 18.04" on your desktop. If you make a mistake, the SSD data will fly, so be careful (the theory that you should have removed the SSD in the first place). Note that parts such as `` `/ dev / sdc2``` will change depending on the environment, so please read as appropriate.
--"Installation type": Others` `` --Mount point ( / dev / sdc2): /
--Device to install bootloader: / dev / sdc
I changed the setting because the bottom of the screen was cut off due to the resolution and I could not select the menu of the device to install the boot loader.
$ xrandr --output eDP-1 --mode 1920x1440
Try to start
――Can you boot as usual by removing the larger USB memory (from SSD) → Can't boot (sweat) --A grub rescue screen appears --Start with the larger USB memory attached → GRUB has all the OSs registered, so this seems to be okay (I didn't do it after all)
Repair SSD bootloader
--It's bad not to boot without the larger USB stick --Repair by removing the larger USB memory. Reference site (web archive) is okay It was. Rest assured for the time being.
Repair the boot loader of the larger USB stick
This was done using another PC with Windows only installed. Set the EFI partition to / dev / sdc1 (change the partition for sharing later).
-Reference site (web archive).
Boot from the larger USB stick
You can now select Ubuntu from the grub os selection screen.
However, after this, the login screen did not appear and I was in emergency mode. When I googled, `` `/ etc / fstab``` seems to be suspicious.
# cat /etc/fstab
It was set to read / dev / sda3 (SSD boot loader) at boot time.
[](Although a directory like `/ boot / efi``` was created, the contents were empty.) → Make `/ dev / sdc1``` read.
Re-edit partition
Create a separate partition for sharing. The order of the numbers has changed.
-- / dev / sdc3: For sharing (fat32), mount on `/ windows``` --``` / dev / sdc1```: Bootloader (changed to), mounted on / boot / efi``` --``` / dev / sdc2```: ubuntu, mount on `` /` ``
Write the mount settings by specifying the corresponding UUID.
/etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/sdc2 during installation
UUID=hoge / ext4 noatime,errors=remount-ro 0 1
# /boot/efi => /dev/Change to sdc1
UUID=fuga /boot/efi vfat umask=0077 0 1
# /windows => /dev/Change to sdc3
UUID=piyo /windows vfat noatime,users,rw,utf8,uid=1000,gid=1000,fmask=133,dmask=022 0 1
#do not use swap
tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,size=512m 0 0
tmpfs /var/tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,size=512m 0 0
tmpfs /var/log tmpfs defaults,noatime,size=512m 0 0
UUID=foo /media/(username)/C auto nofail,noatime,users,rw,uid=1000,gid=1000,fmask=133,dmask=022 0 0
UUID=bar /media/(username)/D auto nofail,noatime,users,rw,uid=1000,gid=1000,fmask=133,dmask=022 0 0
I was able to start
When automatically mounting SSD etc., it may not be possible to start unless you write `nofail``` in the setting of `/ etc / fstab``` (when it cannot be mounted such as starting on another PC) It will be in emergency mode soon).
It cannot be mounted with Windows BitLocker running (that's right).
Was the partition table msdos?
$ sudo parted -l
model: (scsi)
disk/dev/sdc: 15.9GB
Sector size(logic/Physics): 512B/512B
Partition table: msdos
Disk flag:
Number Start End Size Type File system flag
3 1049kB 3461MB 3460MB primary fat32
1 3671MB 4195MB 524MB primary fat32 boot, lba
2 4195MB 15.8GB 11.6GB primary ext4
4 15.8GB 15.9GB 105MB primary fat32
I can still start it. Is it a combination of UEFI-MBR?
Measures to extend the life of USB memory Memo
It is unknown how effective it is.
--Increase the value of vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs in /etc/sysctl.conf --Move mlocate from cron.daily to cron.weekly --Settings in / etc / fstab - tmpfs (/tmp, /var/tmp, /var/log) - noatime
Various settings (1, 2) (3) (4 )
-
Solved the problem that the time is off by 9 hours on Ubuntu and Windows
$ timedatectl set-local-rtc true ```
-
Change the directory name to English
$ LANG=C xdg-user-dirs-gtk-update ``` 3. Swap ctrl and caps
```txt:/etc/default/keyboard
XKBOPTIONS="ctrl:swapcaps" ```
-
Solved the problem that the touchpad does not respond on the laptop
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash i8042.notimeout i8042.nomux" ```
For Ubuntu 20.04
2020.5.3 Addendum: When I tried it in the same way, it failed as expected, so I repaired the boot loader. At the time of installation
The partition table of the following devices will be modified:
SCSI1 (0,0,0) (sda)
If you see something other than the device you are installing to (`` `/ dev / sdc```), it will likely fail.
Finally
I tried to see if the fat32 partition could be read by Windows even if it was at the end (across ext4) instead of the first, and it was (and was possible). The site I referred to was quite old, so it's important to check the latest information. I want Windows 10 to stop consuming 2GB of memory just by booting (I hate this and don't want to use virtual environments).
Thank you for reading to the end.
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