AWS EC2 t2.micro Amazon Linux 2 Apache Tomcat/9.0.34
# java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_252-debug"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_252-debug-b09)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.252-b09-debug, mixed mode)
# javac -version
javac 1.8.0_252-debug
Windows10 Eclipse 2020-03
Java version confirmed at Windows command prompt
> java -version
java version "1.8.0_231"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_231-b11)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.231-b11, mixed mode)
> javac -version
javac 1.8.0_231
Create a dynamic web project "example" on Eclipse to study web application development,
I created a sample application "HealthCheck" with Servlet & JSP.
Confirm normal operation with " http: // localhost: 8080 / example / HealthCheck
"from the browser.
It works locally.
I wanted to deploy it on EC2 and see if it works, so for each project on Eclipse Export to .war file and place on EC2.
[root@ip-10-0-0-50 webapps]# ls -l /opt/apache-tomcat/webapps
total 24
drwxr-x--- 16 tomcat tomcat 4096 Apr 24 15:28 docs
drwxr-x--- 5 tomcat tomcat 123 Jun 3 12:55 example
drwxr-x--- 6 tomcat tomcat 83 Apr 24 15:28 examples
-rwxr-xr-x 1 tomcat tomcat 18910 Jun 3 12:55 example.war ←★
drwxr-x--- 5 tomcat tomcat 87 Apr 24 15:28 host-manager
drwxr-x--- 5 tomcat tomcat 103 Apr 24 15:28 manager
drwxr-x--- 3 tomcat tomcat 283 Apr 24 15:28 ROOT
[root@ip-10-0-0-50 webapps]# ls -l /opt/apache-tomcat/webapps/example
total 16
drwxr-x--- 2 tomcat tomcat 31 Jun 3 12:55 css
-rw-r----- 1 tomcat tomcat 761 May 27 00:08 Ex5_2.jsp
-rw-r----- 1 tomcat tomcat 493 May 26 23:31 formSample.jsp
-rw-r----- 1 tomcat tomcat 140 May 25 21:06 hello.html
drwxr-x--- 2 tomcat tomcat 44 Jun 3 12:55 META-INF
-rw-r----- 1 tomcat tomcat 670 May 26 18:38 sample.jsp
drwxr-x--- 5 tomcat tomcat 43 Jun 3 12:55 WEB-INF
Restart tomcat.service and check status
[root@ip-10-0-0-50 webapps]# systemctl status tomcat.service
● tomcat.service - Apache Tomcat Web Application Container
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (exited) since Wed 2020-06-03 13:12:27 UTC; 1h 4min ago
Process: 4100 ExecStop=/opt/apache-tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 4129 ExecStart=/opt/apache-tomcat/bin/startup.sh (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 4129 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
CGroup: /system.slice/tomcat.service
mq4144 /usr/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/opt/apache-tomcat/conf/loggin...
Jun 03 13:12:27 ip-10-0-0-50.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal systemd[1]: Starting Apache Tomca...
Jun 03 13:12:27 ip-10-0-0-50.ap-northeast-1.compute.internal systemd[1]: Started Apache Tomcat...
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
"500 – Internal Server Error" occurs when connecting from a browser to the EIP attached to EC2 http://[EIP]:8080/example/HealthCheck
HTTP Status 500 – Internal Server Error
Type: Exception report Message: Error instantiating servlet class [servlet.HealthCheck] Description: The server has encountered an unexpected condition. It prevents the request from being executed. Exception: javax.servlet.ServletException: Error instantiating servlet class [servlet.HealthCheck] (Omitted) Root cause: java.lang.UnsupportedClassVersionError: servlet/HealthCheck has been compiled by a more recent version of the Java Runtime (class file version 55.0), this version of the Java Runtime only recognizes class file versions up to 52.0 (unable to load class [servlet.HealthCheck]) (Omitted) Note: All stack traces of the cause are logged on the server
Apache Tomcat/9.0.34
This "UnsupportedClassVersionError" is
While the Java virtual machine is reading a class file, the major version number of that file Thrown if it determines that the minor version number is not supported.
something like.
In other words, it is thought that the cause is the Java version difference between the build environment and the execution environment.
As mentioned in "Environment" at the beginning, the javac version of the build environment is `javac 1.8.0_231``` The java version of the execution environment is ```openjdk version "1.8.0_252-debug"
`
Because it is, there seems to be no problem ...
Check the version of the compiled class file
[root@ip-10-0-0-50 webapps]# javap -v ./example/WEB-INF/classes/servlet/HealthCheck.class
Classfile /opt/apache-tomcat-9.0.34/webapps/example/WEB-INF/classes/servlet/HealthCheck.class
Last modified Jun 4, 2020; size 1988 bytes
MD5 checksum 83f908e6070439cc6281b73baae5306d
Compiled from "HealthCheck.java"
public class servlet.HealthCheck extends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet
minor version: 0
major version: 55 ←★
flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_SUPER
The major version is "55"! !!
On the other hand, the JRE version of the execution environment is 1.8. According to the site of here The class file version supported by JRE version 1.8 is "52".
I was able to understand the details of the error.
So, the version of Javac confirmed in the "Build environment" at the beginning was confirmed for Windows as a whole. It is the result (confirmed by cmd opened from the start menu), and it is the result of the project on Eclipse. It turned out that the contents are different from what can be confirmed at the "command prompt" that appears in the right-click menu.
>javac -version
javac 11.0.5
D:\31_Pleiades\workspace\example>java -version
openjdk version "11.0.5" 2019-10-15
OpenJDK Runtime Environment AdoptOpenJDK (build 11.0.5+10)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM AdoptOpenJDK (build 11.0.5+10, mixed mode)
Looking at this, the version of javac is "11.0.5". The Eclipse I'm using now is "Pleiades All in One Eclipse", and this plugin contains multiple versions of the JDK.
There is JDK1.8 which was introduced by another mouth in Windows, and since the path goes there, I did not notice it in the confirmation at the beginning.
The javac used when building with Eclipse was "11.0.5", so this problem occurred. If you can reduce the version of javac used when building to "1.8", this problem seems to be cleared.
First, check the settings of the entire Eclipse
Try lowering the version as a project-specific setting
Rebuild and check the class file version
>javap -v HealthCheck.class
Classfile /D:/31_Pleiades/workspace/example/build/classes/servlet/HealthCheck.class
Last modified 2020/06/04; size 1988 bytes
MD5 checksum 5deb7a7fe4b855e66be9d06261116bd6
Compiled from "HealthCheck.java"
public class servlet.HealthCheck extends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet
minor version: 0
major version:52 ← ★ Success
flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_SUPER
Export to .war file again → Server deployment → Try to access
・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・
So be sure to check your Java version! It was a story. .. ..
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