100 language processing knocks (2020): 29

"""
29.Get the URL of the national flag image
Use the contents of the template to get the URL of the national flag image. (Hint:Call imageinfo of MediaWiki API to convert file reference to URL)
"""

import json
import re
import urllib.parse
import urllib.request

import requests

import utils


def get_uk_text(path):
    with open(path) as f:
        for line in f:
            line_data = json.loads(line)
            if line_data["title"] == "England":
                data = line_data
                break
    return data["text"]


def get_basic_info(string: str) -> str:
    """Get basic information section
    """
    pattern = re.compile(
        r"""
            ^\{\{Basic information.*?$   # '{{Basic information'Lines starting with
            (.*?)       #Capture target, any 0 or more characters, non-greedy
            ^\}\}$      # '}}'Lines ending with
        """,
        re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL | re.VERBOSE,
    )

    return re.findall(pattern, string)[0]


def get_content(string: str) -> list:
    r"""
    https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html#regular-expression-syntax

    RE:
        - re.X (re.VERBOSE)     Allow us add command to explain the regular expression
        - re.M (re.MULTILINE)   Apply match to each line. If not specified, only match the first line.
        - re.S (re.DOTALL)      Allow to recognize '\n'
        - []        Used to indicate a set of characters. [(+*)] will match any of the literal characters '(', '+', '*', or ')'.
        - ^\|       String begin with |
        - ?         Causes the resulting RE to match 0 or 1 repetitions

        - *?        The '*' qualifier is greedy.
                    Adding ? after the qualifier makes it perform the match in non-greedy or minimal fashion; as few characters as possible will be matched.
                    e.g. <.*> is matched against '<a> b <c>'
                    e.g. <.*?> will match only '<a>'

        - (...)     Matches whatever regular expression is inside the parentheses,
        - (?=...)   Matches if ... matches next, but doesn’t consume any of the string. This is called a lookahead assertion.
                    For example, Isaac (?=Asimov) will match 'Isaac ' only if it’s followed by 'Asimov'.
        - (?:...)   A non-capturing version of regular parentheses.

    Input:
        - '|National emblem link=([[British coat of arms|National emblem]])'
    Return:
        - {'National emblem link': '([[British coat of arms|National emblem]])'}
    """
    pattern = re.compile(
        r"""
            ^\|         # '|'Lines starting with
            (.+?)       #Capture target (field name), any one or more characters, non-greedy
            \s*         #0 or more whitespace characters
            =
            \s*         #0 or more whitespace characters
            (.+?)       #Capture target (value), any one or more characters, non-greedy
            (?:         #Start a group that is not captured
                (?=\n\|)    #new line+'|'Before (Affirmative look-ahead)
                |           #Or
                (?=\n$)     #new line+Before the end (affirmative look-ahead)
            )           #Group end
            """,
        re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL | re.VERBOSE,
    )
    result = re.findall(pattern, string)
    return {k: v for k, v in result}  # dict is ordered when using python 3.7


def remove_markup(target: str) -> str:
    # ans26: remvoe highlight markup
    """
    「'''Great britain'''」->「Great britain」
    """
    pattern = re.compile(
        r"""
            (\'{2,5})   #2-5'(Start of markup)
            (.*?)       #Any one or more characters (target character string)
            (\1)        #Same as the first capture (end of markup)
        """,
        re.MULTILINE | re.VERBOSE,
    )
    target = pattern.sub(r"\2", target)  #Switch the second group to whole

    """
    and27: remove internal link and file
        [[London]] -> London
        [[British Prime Minister|Prime Minister]] -> Prime Minister
        [[File:Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.svg|85px|British coat of arms]] -> British coat of arms
    """
    pattern = re.compile(
        r"""
            \[\[        # '[['(Start of markup)
            (?:         #Start a group that is not captured
                [^|]*?  # '|'0 or more characters other than, non-greedy
                \|      # '|'
            )*?          #Group is 0 or more, non-greedy
            ([^|]*?)    #Capture target,'|'Other than 0 characters, non-greedy (character string to be displayed)
            \]\]        # ']]'(End of markup)
        """,
        re.MULTILINE | re.VERBOSE,
    )
    target = pattern.sub(r"\1", target)  #Switch the first group to whole

    # ans28: remove markups as many as possible
    # Remove {{}}
    """
    {{lang|fr|Dieu et mon droit}} -> Dieu et mon droit
    {{Temporary link|Lindsay Foil|en|Lindsay Hoyle}} -> Lindsay Hoyle
    """
    pattern = re.compile(
        r"""
            \{\{    # '{{'(Start of markup)
            .*?     #0 or more characters, non-greedy
            (?:
                [^|]*?
                \|
            )*?
            ([^|]*?)
            \}\}        # '}}'(End of markup)
        """,
        re.MULTILINE | re.VERBOSE,
    )
    target = pattern.sub(r"\1", target)

    # Remove <ref> pattern 1
    """
    "66,435,600<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates|title=Population estimates - Office for National Statistics|accessdate=2019-06-26|date=2019-06-26}}</ref>",
    ->
    "66,435,600",
    """
    pattern = re.compile(r"<ref.*?</ref>")
    target = pattern.sub(r"", target)

    # Remove <ref> pattern 2
    """
    ('2,316.2 billion<ref name="imf-statistics-gdp" />', "2,316.2 billion"),
    """
    pattern = re.compile(
        r"""
            <           # '<'(Start of markup)
            \/?         # '/'Appears 0 or 1 (in the case of the end tag/There is)
            ref         # 'ref'
            [^>]*?      # '>'Other than 0 characters, non-greedy
            >           # '>'(End of markup)
        """,
        re.MULTILINE + re.VERBOSE,
    )
    target = pattern.sub(r"", target)  # no space

    # Replace <br> with ' ',the national anthem is easier to read
    """
    "God Save the Queen}}{{en icon}}<br />God save the queen<br />{{center|File:United States Navy Band - God Save the Queen.ogg}}"
    ->
    "God Save the Queen}}en icon God Save the Queen File:United States Navy Band - God Save the Queen.ogg",
    """
    pattern = re.compile(
        r"""
            <           # '<'(Start of markup)
            \/?         # '/'Appears 0 or 1 (in the case of the end tag/There is)
            br         # 'br'
            [^>]*?      # '>'Other than 0 characters, non-greedy
            >           # '>'(End of markup)
        """,
        re.MULTILINE + re.VERBOSE,
    )
    target = pattern.sub(r" ", target)  # with space

    # # Premove <br>, <ref> pattern 2
    # """
    # ("Established<br />(1707 Act)", "Established(1707 Act)"),
    # ('2,316.2 billion<ref name="imf-statistics-gdp" />', "2,316.2 billion"),
    # """
    # pattern = re.compile(
    #     r"""
    #         <           # '<'(Start of markup)
    #         \/?         # '/'Appears 0 or 1 (in the case of the end tag/There is)
    #         [br|ref]    # 'br'Or'ref'
    #         [^>]*?      # '>'Other than 0 characters, non-greedy
    #         >           # '>'(End of markup)
    #     """,
    #     re.MULTILINE + re.VERBOSE,
    # )
    # target = pattern.sub(r"", target)

    # Remove external link [http://xxxx] 、[http://xxx xxx]
    """
    [http://www.example.org] -> ''
    [http://www.example.org display character] -> 'Display character'
    """
    pattern = re.compile(
        r"""
            \[http.?:\/\/ # '[http://'(Start markup) or https
            (?:         #Start a group that is not captured
                [^\s]*? #Zero or more non-blank characters, non-greedy
                \s      #Blank
            )?          #Group ends, this group appears 0 or 1
            ([^]]*?)    #Capture target,']'Other than 0 characters, non-greedy (character string to be displayed)
            \]          # ']'(End of markup)
        """,
        re.MULTILINE + re.VERBOSE,
    )
    target = pattern.sub(r"\1", target)

    return target


def get_flag_url(query: str) -> str:
    # Send request to MediaWiki
    request = urllib.request.Request(query, headers={"User-Agent": "Xu"})
    connection = urllib.request.urlopen(request)

    # get json data
    data = json.loads(connection.read().decode())
    utils.save_json(data, "29_wiki_api.json")

    # get URL
    url = data["query"]["pages"].popitem()[1]["imageinfo"][0]["url"]

    return url


def get_flag_url_with_requests(query: str) -> str:
    data = requests.get(query)
    return re.search(r'"url":"(.+?)"', data.text).group[1]


# and20
uk_text = get_uk_text("jawiki-country.json")  # See uk_text.txt

# ans25
basic_info = get_basic_info(uk_text)
fields = get_content(basic_info)  # See 25_en_basic_info.json

# ans26, ans27, ans28
result = {k: remove_markup(v) for k, v in fields.items()}  # See 26_no_markup.json

# ans29
flag_name = result["National flag image"]
query = (
    "https://www.mediawiki.org/w/api.php?"
    + "action=query"
    + "&titles=File:"
    + urllib.parse.quote(flag_name)
    + "&format=json"
    + "&prop=imageinfo"
    + "&iiprop=url"
)
url1 = get_flag_url(query)
url2 = get_flag_url_with_requests(query)
print(url1)
assert url1 == url2

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