polls/models.py

class Question(models.Model):
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = 'Question'
        verbose_name_plural = 'Plural of questions'

    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')

    def __str__(self):
        return self.question_text

Make sure that Question, Questions is changed to Question,` question plural``.

Customize the order

By default, the order of registration is descending (newest ones come up), but let's change this so that it is sorted from the newest one on the publication date (pub_date).

Changes are set in the ʻorderingproperty of the model's Meta class. The setting value is the field name, and if you want to sort in descending order, add-` at the beginning.

class Question(models.Model):
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = 'Question'
        verbose_name_plural = 'Plural of questions'
        ordering = ['-pub_date']

    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')

    def __str__(self):
        return self.question_text

First, if you want to sort the questions in descending order of the release date ordering = ['question_text', '-pubdate'] Write as follows. Please check that they are actually rearranged.

--

It is also possible to customize the form itself when adding. (Explained in the next section below) In the original tutorial, when adding a Question object after this I explain how to change the design of Form, but I will omit the explanation this time. If you are interested, please see the tutorial of the head family. https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/intro/tutorial02/#customize-the-admin-form

Object with relation

Documents → https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/intro/tutorial02/#adding-related-objects (Explained in ʻAdd Inline itemfrom the middle) Source →35ec2c6 → 84f1086`

We will add another model, Choice, which the polls app has. This model has a Foreign Key (relationship to the Question model), what does it look like?

First, edit polls / admin.py and add Choice to display it in admin.

polls/admin.py

from django.contrib import admin

from .models import Question
from .models import Choice  #Add here


admin.site.register(Question)
admin.site.register(Choice)  #Add here

It seems that it was added safely. The Choice model does not have Meta settings, so it comes out as it is. Next, we will look at the additional screen.

In the case of ForeignKey field, it is displayed as a select list in Form like this. You can also create a new Question object by pressing the green plus button on the right.

The content contains the Question model object created earlier like this. If you haven't set __str__, all three will be displayed as Question object and you will be sad. Of course, you can freely customize what you want to offer with this option. The order is sorted by ʻordering` set in the Meta class of the model.

Model customization for Admin site

In this way, just registering the model with the ʻadmin.site.register` function will do various things automatically, but With a little modification, you can customize the contents of the Form, display the list, add search items, and so on.

When customizing, pass the class that describes the behavior at the Admin site as the second argument of the ʻadmin.site.reigster function. This class inherits the ʻadmin.ModelAdmin class and overrides only the necessary parts by yourself. Since it is difficult to understand if it is only sentences, we will actually show examples of each customization.

Add Inline item

Documents → https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/intro/tutorial02/#adding-related-objects Source → 84f1086 → ʻe4bacf7`

In the examples so far, if you want to add Questions and Choices, first create the original Question and then I had to select it on the additional page of Choice. It is troublesome to select Question one by one in Choice, and there is a possibility of making a mistake in selection.

Inline Form is convenient there. If you use this, you can use the relation source object (Question in this case) You can create the relation destination object (Choice in this case) at the same time.

In the case of the admin site, a class for displaying Inline called InlineAdmin is prepared. This time we will use the StackedInline class.

The modified source code is as follows.

polls/admin.py

from django.contrib import admin

from .models import Question
from .models import Choice


class ChoiceInline(admin.StackedInline):
    model = Choice
    extra = 3


class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    inlines = [ChoiceInline]

admin.site.register(Question, QuestionAdmin)
admin.site.register(Choice)

Add the definitions of ChoiceInline and QuestionAdmin and add them to the second argument when registering the Question. It is modified to pass QuestionAdmin.

ʻAdmin.StackedInline` is a base class for creating Stacked format Inline. Set the target model (Choice in this case) and the number of displays (extra = 3). You can also set the maximum number and whether or not it can be deleted.

ʻAdmin.ModelAdmin` is a class for customizing the behavior of the model on the admin site. This time, inlines are set, and the behavior when adding and editing objects is changed.

If you change so far and go to the additional page (or edit page) of Question on the management site again You can see that you can edit Choices at the same time.

Customize object display

Documents → https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/intro/tutorial02/#customize-the-admin-change-list Source → ʻe4bacf7→7f5128a`

Now that registration and editing are getting better, let's customize the list display. To change the display, set list_display in the class (QuestionAdmin) created by inheriting ʻadmin.ModelAdmin`.

polls/admin.py

...
class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    inlines = [ChoiceInline]
    list_display = ('question_text', 'pub_date')
...

The list, which was a murderous landscape, has become a little more lively. For all models, django will automatically give you a primary key. As a side note, let's add that as well.

polls/admin.py

...
class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    inlines = [ChoiceInline]
    list_display = ('pk', 'question_text', 'pub_date')
...

it is a good feeling.

More customization

Let's do something a little special, following the original tutorial. In addition to fields, list_display can be set to a method with no arguments.

Add a was_published_recently method to the Question model to see if the question was published within a day.

polls/models.py

import datetime

from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone


class Question(models.Model):
...

    def was_published_recently(self):
        return self.pub_date >= timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
...

Next, add this method to list_display.

polls/admin.py

...
class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    inlines = [ChoiceInline]
    list_display = ('pk', 'question_text', 'pub_date', 'was_published_recently')
...

You can see it properly. It may be interesting to create a method that returns the number of Choices associated with the Question.

Further customization

If the target of list_display is a method, you can change the display and set order conditions by adding attributes to the method. Let's set ʻadmin_order_field, boolean, short_description` by following the original tutorial.

polls/models.py

...
    def was_published_recently(self):
        return self.pub_date >= timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
    was_published_recently.admin_order_field = 'pub_date'
    was_published_recently.boolean = True
    was_published_recently.short_description = 'Published recently?'
...

It feels very good. ʻAdmin_order_fieldsets which field to look at when sorting. In this example, they are sorted by thepub_date` field. By setting this attribute, you can click the header of the table and sort it.

Filter, add search

Finally, let's add a filter and a search. Just set the property in QuestionAdmin as in the example.

polls/admin.py

...
class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    inlines = [ChoiceInline]
    list_display = ('pk', 'question_text', 'pub_date', 'was_published_recently')
    list_filter = ['pub_date']
    search_fields = ['question_text']
...

You can easily add filters and searches like this.

-- To the next tutorial

→ Tutorial Summary