Rails Tutorial 4th Edition: Chapter 1: From Zero to Deployment
--Practice ―― 1. Which website has the Ruby gem used for Ruby on Rails?
―― 2. What is the latest version of Rails at the moment?
- v6.0.3.4? https://guides.rubyonrails.org/
—— 3. How many times has Ruby on Rails been downloaded so far? Please check it out.
--247,586,141 Maybe you can see it here. I was able to confirm the latest version. https://rubygems.org/gems/rails?locale=ja
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The Rails tutorial said:
Terminal
$ cd #Go to your home directory
$ mkdir environment # 'environment'Create a directory
$ cd environment/ # 'environment'Go to the directory
$ cd ~/environment
$ rails _5.1.6_ new hello_app
Since the directory called environment was already created, I created it with another name and did not specify the version when rails new
.
The Rails tutorial seemed to use something in the cloud, but I will do coding etc. with VS Code. I might switch to RubyMine on the way. Launch VS Code, open the file, and open hello_app.
If you open the VS Code terminal (TERMINAL), you should be in the root directory of your application.
1.3.1 Bundler
Terminal
-> % bundle install
The dependency tzinfo-data (>= 0) will be unused by any of the platforms Bundler is installing for. Bundler is installing for ruby but the dependency is only for x86-mingw32, x86-mswin32, x64-mingw32, java. To add those platforms to the bundle, run `bundle lock --add-platform x86-mingw32 x86-mswin32 x64-mingw32 java`.
Using rake 13.0.1
Using concurrent-ruby 1.1.7
Using i18n 1.8.5
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Using webpacker 4.3.0
Bundle complete! 17 Gemfile dependencies, 74 gems now installed.
Use `bundle info [gemname]` to see where a bundled gem is installed.
1.3.2 rails server
Terminal
-> % rails s
=> Booting Puma
=> Rails 6.0.3.4 application starting in development
=> Run `rails server --help` for more startup options
Puma starting in single mode...
* Version 4.3.6 (ruby 2.7.1-p83), codename: Mysterious Traveller
* Min threads: 5, max threads: 5
* Environment: development
* Listening on tcp://127.0.0.1:3000
* Listening on tcp://[::1]:3000
Use Ctrl-C to stop
If you open http: // localhost: 3000 /, it will look like the figure below.
--Practice ―― 1. What version of Ruby do you have on your computer now compared to what you see on the default Rails page? You can easily see it by running ruby -v on the command line. I will. - 2.7.1
―― 2. In the same way, let's check the Rails version. Does the version you looked up match the version you installed in Listing 1.1?
- 6.0.3.4
1.3.3 Model-View-Controller (MVC)
1.3.4 Hello, world!
app/controllers/application_controller.rb
class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
protect_from_forgery with: :exception
def hello
render html: "hello, world!"
end
end
config/routes.rb
Rails.application.routes.draw do
root 'application#hello'
end
--Practice
―― 1. Let's rewrite the hello action so that "hola, mundo!" Is displayed instead of "hello, world!".
―― 2. Rails also supports "non-ASCII characters". “¡Hola, mundo!” Contains the Spanish-specific upside-down exclamation mark “¡” (Fig. 1.17) 19. To display the "¡" character on your Mac, hold down the Option key and press the 1 key. It may be faster to copy this character and paste it into your editor.
--3. Refer to the hello action in Listing 1.7 and add a second action, goodbye. This action displays the text "goodbye, world!". Edit the routing in Listing 1.9 to change the route routing assignment from the hello action to the goodbye action.
app/controllers/application_controller.rb
class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
protect_from_forgery with: :exception
def hello
render html: "hola, mundo!"
end
def goodbye
render html: "goodbye, world!"
end
end
config/routes.rb
Rails.application.routes.draw do
root 'application#goodbye'
end
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1.4.3 Bitbucket This time I used Github.
Terminal
-> % git init
Reinitialized existing Git repository in /Users/fukadashigeru/environment_2/hello_app/.git/
-> % git add -A
-> % git commit -m "Initialize repository"
[master (root-commit) 02fb3dd] Initialize repository
92 files changed, 9246 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 .browserslistrc
create mode 100644 .gitignore
create mode 100644 .ruby-version
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create mode 100644 yarn.lock
-> % git remote add origin https://github.com/**********/hello_app.git
-> % git push origin master
Enumerating objects: 107, done.
Counting objects: 100% (107/107), done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads
Compressing objects: 100% (89/89), done.
Writing objects: 100% (107/107), 149.16 KiB | 3.47 MiB/s, done.
Total 107 (delta 4), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (4/4), done.
To https://github.com/**********/hello_app.git
* [new branch] master -> master
Terminal
[~/environment_2/hello_app] [master]
-> % git checkout -b modify-README
Switched to a new branch 'modify-README'
*********************************************
README.Modify md file
*********************************************
[~/environment_2/hello_app] [modify-README]
-> % git commit -a -m "Improve the README file"
[modify-README ba451c3] Improve the README file
1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)
[~/environment_2/hello_app] [modify-README]
-> % git checkout master
Switched to branch 'master'
[~/environment_2/hello_app] [master]
-> % git merge modify-README
Updating 02fb3dd..ba451c3
Fast-forward
README.md | 26 ++++----------------------
1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)
[~/environment_2/hello_app] [master]
-> % git branch -d modify-README
Deleted branch modify-README (was ba451c3).
[~/environment_2/hello_app] [master]
-> % git push origin master
Gemfile
source 'https://rubygems.org'
git_source(:github) { |repo| "https://github.com/#{repo}.git" }
ruby '2.7.1'
# Bundle edge Rails instead: gem 'rails', github: 'rails/rails'
gem 'rails', '~> 6.0.3', '>= 6.0.3.4'
# Use Puma as the app server
gem 'puma', '~> 4.1'
# Use SCSS for stylesheets
gem 'sass-rails', '>= 6'
# Transpile app-like JavaScript. Read more: https://github.com/rails/webpacker
gem 'webpacker', '~> 4.0'
# Turbolinks makes navigating your web application faster. Read more: https://github.com/turbolinks/turbolinks
gem 'turbolinks', '~> 5'
# Build JSON APIs with ease. Read more: https://github.com/rails/jbuilder
gem 'jbuilder', '~> 2.7'
# Use Redis adapter to run Action Cable in production
# gem 'redis', '~> 4.0'
# Use Active Model has_secure_password
# gem 'bcrypt', '~> 3.1.7'
# Use Active Storage variant
# gem 'image_processing', '~> 1.2'
# Reduces boot times through caching; required in config/boot.rb
gem 'bootsnap', '>= 1.4.2', require: false
group :development, :test do
# development,test,Move what was in the whole settings part of production here in development and test
# Use sqlite3 as the database for Active Record
gem 'sqlite3', '~> 1.4'
# Call 'byebug' anywhere in the code to stop execution and get a debugger console
gem 'byebug', platforms: [:mri, :mingw, :x64_mingw]
end
group :development do
# Access an interactive console on exception pages or by calling 'console' anywhere in the code.
gem 'web-console', '>= 3.3.0'
gem 'listen', '~> 3.2'
# Spring speeds up development by keeping your application running in the background. Read more: https://github.com/rails/spring
gem 'spring'
gem 'spring-watcher-listen', '~> 2.0.0'
end
#Add pg to producition
group :production do
gem 'pg'
end
group :test do
# Adds support for Capybara system testing and selenium driver
gem 'capybara', '>= 2.15'
gem 'selenium-webdriver'
# Easy installation and use of web drivers to run system tests with browsers
gem 'webdrivers'
end
# Windows does not include zoneinfo files, so bundle the tzinfo-data gem
gem 'tzinfo-data', platforms: [:mingw, :mswin, :x64_mingw, :jruby]
Terminal
-> % heroku login --interactive
› Warning: heroku update available from 7.35.1 to 7.46.0.
heroku: Enter your login credentials
Email [***********@gmail.com]:
Password: ***********
Logged in as ***********@gmail.com
-> % heroku keys:add
› Warning: heroku update available from 7.35.1 to 7.46.0.
Found an SSH public key at /Users/***********/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
? Would you like to upload it to Heroku? Yes
Uploading /Users/***********/.ssh/id_rsa.pub SSH key... done
-> % heroku create
› Warning: heroku update available from 7.35.1 to 7.46.0.
Creating app... done, ⬢ thawing-brook-84469
https://thawing-brook-84469.herokuapp.com/ | https://git.heroku.com/thawing-brook-84469.git
Terminal
-> % git push heroku master
Enumerating objects: 5, done.
Counting objects: 100% (5/5), done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads
Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 332 bytes | 332.00 KiB/s, done.
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remote: Verifying deploy... done.
To https://git.heroku.com/thawing-brook-84469.git
48ef406..7fc2c4e master -> master
https://thawing-brook-84469.herokuapp.com/
That is not a hello world. Maybe there was a procedure mistake somewhere. Well, no.
--Practice
abridgement
Terminal
-> % bin/rails c
Running via Spring preloader in process 5709
Loading development environment (Rails 6.0.3.4)
irb(main):001:0> ('a'..'z').to_a.shuffle[0..7].join
=> "cntwqkdr"
irb(main):002:0> exit
-> % heroku rename cntwqkdr
Renaming ravudstc to cntwqkdr... done
https://cntwqkdr.herokuapp.com/ | https://git.heroku.com/cntwqkdr.git
Git remote heroku updated
▸ Don't forget to update git remotes for all other local checkouts of the app.
-> % heroku open
--Practice ―― 1. Execute the heroku help command to display the list of Heroku commands. Which command is the command to view the logs for the Heroku app?
Terminal
-> % heroku help
CLI to interact with Heroku
VERSION
heroku/7.46.0 darwin-x64 node-v12.16.2
USAGE
$ heroku [COMMAND]
COMMANDS
access manage user access to apps
addons tools and services for developing, extending, and operating your app
apps manage apps on Heroku
auth check 2fa status
authorizations OAuth authorizations
autocomplete display autocomplete installation instructions
buildpacks scripts used to compile apps
certs a topic for the ssl plugin
ci run an application test suite on Heroku
clients OAuth clients on the platform
config environment variables of apps
container Use containers to build and deploy Heroku apps
domains custom domains for apps
drains forward logs to syslog or HTTPS
features add/remove app features
git manage local git repository for app
help display help for heroku
keys add/remove account ssh keys
labs add/remove experimental features
local run Heroku app locally
logs display recent log output
maintenance enable/disable access to app
members manage organization members
notifications display notifications
orgs manage organizations
pg manage postgresql databases
pipelines manage pipelines
plugins list installed plugins
ps Client tools for Heroku Exec
psql open a psql shell to the database
redis manage heroku redis instances
regions list available regions for deployment
releases display the releases for an app
reviewapps manage reviewapps in pipelines
run run a one-off process inside a Heroku dyno
sessions OAuth sessions
spaces manage heroku private spaces
status status of the Heroku platform
teams manage teams
update update the Heroku CLI
webhooks list webhooks on an app
--Practice ―― 2. Use the command found in the exercise above to check the recent log of the Heroku app. What was the most recent event? (Remembering the command to look at this log will help you find bugs in your production environment)
Terminal
> % heroku logs
2020-10-19T13:29:19.529499+00:00 app[web.1]: => Run `rails server --help` for more startup options
2020-10-19T13:29:20.730825+00:00 app[web.1]: Puma starting in single mode...
2020-10-19T13:29:20.730870+00:00 app[web.1]: * Version 4.3.6 (ruby 2.7.1-p83), codename: Mysterious Traveller
2020-10-19T13:29:20.730871+00:00 app[web.1]: * Min threads: 5, max threads: 5
2020-10-19T13:29:20.730871+00:00 app[web.1]: * Environment: production
2020-10-19T13:29:20.731100+00:00 app[web.1]: * Listening on tcp://0.0.0.0:41511
2020-10-19T13:29:20.731446+00:00 app[web.1]: Use Ctrl-C to stop
2020-10-19T13:29:21.035771+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to up
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