Getting Started with Ruby

irb Interactive execution environment

Check the object type

"String" (receiver) .class → String 　１.class → Integer

Check object_id

"Character string" .object_id → Another object is created each time it is executed

1. object_id → The same numeric object is provided

Combine objects

message1 = "message 1" message2 = "message 2" message1.concat (message2) * Parentheses can be omitted message1 = message 1 message 2

String object

Data such as words and sentences composed of letters and symbols that can be read by humans Enclose the content in double quotes (single quotes are also possible)

Numeric object

Object representing a number

Classes and instances

What kind of function an object can have depends on what class of object the object appears in. In addition to the classes provided by Ruby as standard (embedded library / standard attached library), you can also create your own classes.

variable

abc = "name" → String

Naming method

Snake case

sample_name

Camel case

sampleMessage

• Names starting with a capital letter are interpreted as "constants" whose values are invariant.

comment

"#Comment out"

Method

The behavior of Ruby objects is a method. "A dog (class) wheat (instance) has the ability to lie (method) to humans." = Wheat. Tell a lie (human)

• Lie = instance method

You can define chasing a dog class and call the "lie" method on any dog object, not just wheat.

class dog
def tell a lie (human)
  puts "Dog#{Human}Lie to..."
 end
end

Wheat=dog.new

Instance variables

Variables held by the object. It can be used from within any method of the object. Be sure to prefix the name with @.

class Sample
 def samplemethod1
  @number =100 # instance variable
 end

 def samplemethod2
  @number
 end
end

#object = Sample.new
#object.samplemethod1 is also object.samplemethod2 can also be called

Local variables

An ad hoc temporary variable. Local variables defined within a method can only be used within that method.

class Sample
 def samplemethod1
  number =100 # local variables
 end

 def samplemethod2
  number
 end
end

#object = Sample.new
#object.samplemethod1 can be called, but object.samplemethod2 cannot be called

Getter setter

class User
 def name=(name) #Setter
  @name = name
 end

 def name　#Getter
  @name 
 end
end

#↓ Easy way to write ↓

class User
 attr_accessor :name, :address, :email
end

operator

nil Empty state sample = nil? Find out if it is nil

Authenticity

In Ruby, nil and false are false, and the others are true (0 is also true).

Conditional branch

number = 1
if number == 1
 puts 'The number is 1'
elseif number == 2
 puts 'The number is 2'
else
 puts 'Numerical values other than 1 and 2'
end

#Expression using unless
age = 20
unless age >= 20
 puts "I don't have the right to vote "
end

#Expression using if
age = 20
if age < 20
 puts "I don't have the right to vote "
end

Postfix if

puts "this is output" if true puts "this is not output" if false

Array

Structure in which multiple elements are stored in order array = ["123", false, nil, 1, [a,b,c]] Add element array << a

array = [1,2,3]
array.each do |element|
 puts element
end

class User
 attr_accessor
end

user1 = User.new
user1.name = 'mayu'
user2 = User.new
user2.name = 'ayako'
user3 = User.new
user3.name = 'kenji'

users = [user1, user2, user3]

#If you want to get one by one,
#Method ① Use each
names = []
users.each do |user|
 names << user.name
end
p names
#==>["mayu", "ayako", "kenji"]

#Method ② Use map
names = users.map do |user|
 user.name
end
#==>["mayu", "ayako", "kenji"]

#Omission of method ② ①
names = users.map{ |user| user.name }
#==>["mayu", "ayako", "kenji"]

#Omission of method ②
names = users.map(&:name)
#==>["mayu", "ayako", "kenji"]

hash

Data structure that internally stores data in association with keys

Various notations

#Use a character string as a key
{"student1" => mayu, "student2" => asami}

#Use strings as keys and use colons instead of hash rockets
{"student1":  mayu, "student2": asami}

#Use the symbol as a key
{:student1 => mayu, student2 => asami}

#Symbol as a key,Use a colon instead of a hash rocket * General
{student1:  mayu, student2: asami}

Get value

array = {:student1 => mayu, student2 => asami}
puts array[:student1]
#Output as mayu

Update value

array = {:student1 => mayu, student2 => asami}
array[:student1] = 'misaki'
puts array[:student1]
#Output as misaki

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