=================
I tried together.
Called a magic function.
For example, % timeit knows the execution time
In [67]: %timeit [x for x in range(100) if x % 2 == 0]
10000 loops, best of 3: 21.3 us per loop
Furthermore, if you increase% like %% timeit, it becomes a multi-line command.
In [70]: %%timeit
...: a = 0
...: for i in range(100):
...: a = max(a, random.random())
...:
10000 loops, best of 3: 37.7 us per loop
In [45]: os.path.exists?
Type: function
String Form:<function exists at 0x10890be60>
File: /Users/***
Definition: os.path.exists(path)
Docstring: Test whether a path exists. Returns False for broken symbolic links
In [46]: os.path.exists??
Type: function
String Form:<function exists at 0x10890be60>
File: /Users/***
Definition: os.path.exists(path)
Source:
def exists(path):
"""Test whether a path exists. Returns False for broken symbolic links"""
try:
os.stat(path)
except os.error:
return False
return True
You can browse the file in which the function is defined by using % pfile object.
Can also be a magic function
%pfile?
Type: Magic function
String Form:<bound method NamespaceMagics.pfile of <IPython.core.magics.namespace.NamespaceMagics object at 0x10a9b2dd0>>
Namespace: IPython internal
File: /Users/***
Definition: %pfile(self, parameter_s='')
Docstring:
Print (or run through pager) the file where an object is defined.
The file opens at the line where the object definition begins. IPython
will honor the environment variable PAGER if set, and otherwise will
do its best to print the file in a convenient form.
If the given argument is not an object currently defined, IPython will
try to interpret it as a filename (automatically adding a .py extension
if needed). You can thus use %pfile as a syntax highlighting code
viewer.
Class Docstring:
method(function, instance)
Create a bound instance method object.
The % run command can execute any script. For example, to call and run pdb
In [1]: %run -d a.py
will do. You can execute it directly as follows without starting it one by one.
% ipython3 -c 'run -d a.py'
Breakpoint 1 at /Users/***/a.py:1
NOTE: Enter 'c' at the ipdb> prompt to start your script.
> /Users/hiro/***/a.py(1)<module>()
1---> 1 if __name__ == '__main__':
2 a = 'py' * 5
3 print(a)
ipdb>
You can also use the -t option to display the execution time, and the -p option to execute with a profile.
If you have more lines on the shell, you can use the edit command to launch the editor and write as much code as you like. However, note that it does not remain in the log.
In order to save the code I wrote You can use% logstart and% logstop to output the log to a file, and% save to write the history to a file.
Did you know
In [23]: %%ruby
(1..4).each{|x| p x}
....:
1
2
3
4
You can get the output as a string with the --out option.
Just add ! to the beginning.
In [1]: ! uname
Darwin
If you use the % debug command, you can trace back with an exception and jump to the error location later.
In [19]: def func(a):
return a / 0
....:
In [20]: func(1)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ZeroDivisionError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-20-db72e56561b1> in <module>()
----> 1 func(1)
<ipython-input-19-82426e2f9c3c> in func(a)
1 def func(a):
----> 2 return a / 0
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
In [21]: %debug
> <ipython-input-19-82426e2f9c3c>(2)func()
1 def func(a):
----> 2 return a / 0
ipdb>
You can pretty print the contents of the object with % page <object> and see it. It's like less.
You can see the minimum required cheesesheet.
In [101]: %whos
In [102]: a = 1
In [103]: b = 2
In [104]: c = 'spam'
In [105]: def f(x):
.....: return x ** 2
.....:
In [106]: %whos
Variable Type Data/Info
--------------------------------
a int 1
b int 2
c str spam
f function <function f at 0x1009b2440>
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